Are pedals usually used for Tube amps or can they be used with solid state/modeling amps?

Pedals are applicable to any/all amps, you probably don't need them with a Kemper though.

I don’t know if this will help you or not but I run BIAS FX into the front of my Roland Blues Cube artist and it sounds great.

OD pedals will behave a little differently. Just back off on your gain a bit. I have a Marshall Valvestate which is a bit of a hybrid and use a stock TS9. I crank the drive and back off on the level on the pedal itself for breaking up clean tones. I don't really use it on distortion settings. The DS-1 is fine for that. I also compensate for the reduced warmth of the solid state amp by mixing in more bass. I think I can hear my picking better this way. I've been considering going to a full tube amp so these things would change I reckon.
All other pedals should be good. Maybe a compressor would behave differently but I usually only use that on cleans too and sparingly.

Thanks for the help guys!