Well as for close miking, the biggest difference is a 4x12 is (almost always) closed back and a 1x12 combo is open back. Put the 1x12 in front of a wall or close the back up (find a board the proper size) and they can record quite well.
Distant miking you will pick up more of a difference. The cabinet will still hold its low end where a 1x12 combo miked in the distance will have a lot of highs. Plus about an open back combo is you can stick a mic in the back of it.
Distant miking you will pick up more of a difference. The cabinet will still hold its low end where a 1x12 combo miked in the distance will have a lot of highs. Plus about an open back combo is you can stick a mic in the back of it.